Harbin is the provincial capital of Heilongjiang and is the starting point for any travelers in the province. Harbin Taipin International Airport is the second largest airport in the northeast, with connections to most major cities in China, and also some destinations in Russia, Korea and Japan. For detailed information about transport, please refer to Harbin Transport. There are an additional three airports in Heilongjiang, namely Qiqihar, Mudanjiang and Jiamusi, with flights to some of the major cities across the country.

Heilongjiang Province was one of the first provinces to have its own railway system, first built by the Russians at the end of the last century. Today, travelers can reach Moscow and other Russian cities from here. The major stop is in Harbin, for details on trains to and from Harbin and trains into Siberia and Russian, please refer to the Harbin Transport section. Train is definitely the easiest and most comfortable way to get around the province and the entire Dongbei (north-east) region.

There are currently seven highways in Heilongjiang, although the majority of roads here are in very poor condition and train is by far the most comfortable way to travel, wherever possible. An expressway links Daqing, Harbin, Mudanjian, and Suifenhe. By the year 2001, expressways should link Harbin to Beijing.